{"id":8386,"date":"2025-10-28T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lacartebuissonniere.fr\/?p=8386"},"modified":"2025-10-31T16:25:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T15:25:40","slug":"le-panier-de-figues-de-cleopatre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lacartebuissonniere.fr\/index.php\/2025\/10\/28\/le-panier-de-figues-de-cleopatre\/","title":{"rendered":"Le panier de figues de Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la tradition antique, notamment chez Plutarque (Vie des hommes illustres<\/em>, \u00ab\u00a0Antoine\u00a0\u00bb<\/a>, 86), Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre aurait fait introduire en secret un serpent venimeux dans un panier de figues, afin de tromper les gardes romains et de se donner la mort sans \u00eatre emp\u00each\u00e9e, plut\u00f4t que d\u2019accepter la reddition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce panier de figues fait partie des attributs iconographiques r\u00e9currents de Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u2019ai ainsi pu en photographier le d\u00e9tail, l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dernier, lors de l\u2019exposition consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 Artemisia Gentileschi au mus\u00e9e Jacquemart-Andr\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est le drap\u00e9 bleu qui attire imm\u00e9diatement l\u2019\u0153il, en contraste avec la peau p\u00e2le de la derni\u00e8re reine d\u2019\u00c9gypte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On ne remarque qu\u2019ensuite le panier de raisins et de figues d\u2019o\u00f9 sort un petit serpent \u00e0 la gueule ouverte, ce qui permet d\u2019identifier la sc\u00e8ne sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le myst\u00e8re Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Si vous passez par l\u2019Institut du monde arabe, ne manquez pas l\u2019exposition Le myst\u00e8re Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous pourrez y rep\u00e9rer figues et serpent dans deux imposantes toiles\u00a0qui portent le m\u00eame titre\u00a0: La Mort de Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Comme l\u2019indique le cartel, ce tableau du peintre baroque Antoine Rivalz constitue un chef d’\u0153uvre t\u00e9n\u00e9briste. Il emprunte sa posture dramatique \u00e0 une D\u00e9position<\/em>, tout en se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant \u00e0 un marbre antique tr\u00e8s sensuel, une Ariane endormie confondue avec Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre en raison de son bracelet-serpent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les curieux, voici cette Ariane-Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre :<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autre toile, encore plus imposante et impressionnante, celle que Jean-Andr\u00e9 Rixens pr\u00e9senta au Salon de 1874\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce Salon, rest\u00e9 c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour avoir refus\u00e9 ceux qui deviendraient les Impressionnistes, affichait un go\u00fbt marqu\u00e9 pour la peinture d’histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rixens m\u00eale l\u2019acad\u00e9misme et l\u2019orientalisme. Il reprend des d\u00e9tails tir\u00e9s d’estampes : bronze d’Isis, pectoral de Rams\u00e8s II, lotus, vautour, hi\u00e9roglyphes… Ce d\u00e9cor \u00e9gyptisant color\u00e9 porte l\u2019attention sur la blancheur de la couche et la morbidit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s sensuelle de la d\u00e9funte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pas de serpent ici, mais un grand panier de figues au premier plan qui donne au spectateur la cl\u00e9 de lecture :<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019autres paniers de figues\u2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

J\u2019ai ensuite cherch\u00e9 d\u2019autres toiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1892, Reginald Arthur choisit de repr\u00e9senter Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre encore vivante, le serpent pos\u00e9 sur le sein. C\u2019est l\u2019instant de la d\u00e9cision, le moment suspendu avant le geste fatal :<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 encore, le panier de figues se situe au premier plan. Les feuilles \u00e9paisses et sombres y cr\u00e9ent une ombre inqui\u00e9tante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s le pr\u00e9rapha\u00e9lisme tardif, remontons en 1653, avec une toile foisonnante de Jacob Jordaens :<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019intention est moralisatrice, illustrant la fin m\u00e9rit\u00e9e d’une femme libertine et d\u00e9pensi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les perles surdimensionn\u00e9es aux oreilles de Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre, accompagn\u00e9es de larmes de forme similaire, rappellent son pari avec Marc Antoine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au livre IX de son Histoire naturelle<\/em><\/a>, Pline l\u2019Ancien narre en effet un \u00e9pisode o\u00f9 la reine se vante de pouvoir d\u00e9penser dix millions de sesterces au cours d’un seul banquet. Pour ce faire, elle d\u00e9tache l\u2019une des perles qu\u2019elle porte aux oreilles, la dissout dans une coupe de vinaigre et la boit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jordaens a \u00e9galement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 cet \u00e9pisode la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e 1653 :<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On voit le fou y ricaner de l\u2019incons\u00e9quence de la reine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais aucune des vanit\u00e9s du monde ne prot\u00e9gera Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre de son destin tragique. Le tableau qui lui est consacr\u00e9 semble pourtant une explosion de vie au moment m\u00eame o\u00f9 la vie s\u2019\u00e9teint, comme si le corps f\u00e9minin, splendide et offert, se faisait lui-m\u00eame memento mori<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Loin de seulement effleurer la peau, comme dans la plupart des repr\u00e9sentations de cette sc\u00e8ne, le serpent, symbole biblique de la tentation, y laisse une marque sanglante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On peut y voir non seulement la punition d\u2019une femme jug\u00e9e orgueilleuse, s\u00e9ductrice, pa\u00efenne, mais \u00e9galement un acte \u00e9rotis\u00e9, une mort voluptueuse, d\u2019autant plus que le serpent adopte une position verticale tr\u00e8s phallique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette derni\u00e8re lecture est d\u2019autant plus cr\u00e9dible que le serpent est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des figues tr\u00e8s charnues et complaisamment ouvertes. Or la figue poss\u00e8de une connotation \u00e9rotique ancienne. Sa forme \u00e9voque \u00e0 la fois le testicule quand elle reste ferm\u00e9e et l\u2019int\u00e9rieur humide et rouge d\u2019un sexe de femme quand on l\u2019ouvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regardez maintenant la figue fendue du tableau de Jordaens, l\u2019analogie est pour le moins troublante :<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce jour de la figue dans le calendrier r\u00e9publicain, j\u2019ai cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour mes cartes buissonni\u00e8res un papier sem\u00e9 de figues aussi bien ouvertes que ferm\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 vous de les offrir, avec le clin d\u2019\u0153il qui convient ou non !<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous aimez les figues ? Vous aimerez \u00e9galement :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sous le signe de la figue\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les figues de Dufy\u00a0\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans la tradition antique, notamment chez Plutarque (Vie des hommes illustres, \u00ab\u00a0Antoine\u00a0\u00bb, 86), Cl\u00e9op\u00e2tre aurait fait introduire en secret un serpent venimeux dans un panier de figues, afin de tromper les gardes romains et de se donner la mort sans \u00eatre emp\u00each\u00e9e, plut\u00f4t que d\u2019accepter la reddition. 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